abstract：:Considering the wide variety of effects that have been reported to occur in the developmental neurotoxicity of chlorpyrifos (CP) and the lack of consensus on their dependence of brain acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity inhibition, we applied microarray technology to explore dose-dependent alterations in transcriptio...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Moreira EG,Yu X,Robinson JF,Griffith W,Hong SW,Beyer RP,Bammler TK,Faustman EM

更新日期：2010-06-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Human exposure to heterocyclic aromatic amines (HAA) usually occurs through mixtures rather than individual compounds. However, the toxic effects and related mechanisms of co-exposure to HAA in humans remain unknown. We compared the effects of two of the most common HAA, 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Dumont J,Jossé R,Lambert C,Anthérieu S,Le Hegarat L,Aninat C,Robin MA,Guguen-Guillouzo C,Guillouzo A

更新日期：2010-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Metallothioneins (MTs) are metal-binding, low molecular weight proteins and are involved in pathophysiological processes like metabolism of essential metals, metal ion homeostasis and detoxification of heavy metals. Metallothionein expression is induced by various heavy metals especially cadmium, mercury and zinc; MTs...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Kayaalti Z,Mergen G,Söylemezoğlu T

更新日期：2010-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Benzene is a ubiquitous occupational and environmental toxicant. Exposures to benzene both prenatally and during adulthood are associated with the development of disorders such as aplastic anemia and leukemia. Mechanisms of benzene toxicity are unknown; however, generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by benzene m...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Badham HJ,Winn LM

更新日期：2010-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Human bladder cancer has been associated with chronic exposure to arsenic. Chronic exposure of an immortalized non-tumorigenic urothelial cell line (UROtsa cells) to arsenicals has transformed these cells to a malignant phenotype, but the involved mechanisms are not fully understood. Chronic inflammation has been link...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Escudero-Lourdes C,Medeiros MK,Cárdenas-González MC,Wnek SM,Gandolfi JA

更新日期：2010-04-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Puerarin is a natural product isolated from Puerarin lobata and has various pharmacological effects, including anti-hyperglycemic and anti-allergic properties. In the present study, we investigated the effect of puerarin against advanced glycation end products (AGEs)-induced inflammation in mouse mesangial cells. Puer...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Kim KM,Jung DH,Jang DS,Kim YS,Kim JM,Kim HN,Surh YJ,Kim JS

更新日期：2010-04-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Metformin is a first-line drug for the treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and is often prescribed in combination with other drugs to control a patient's blood glucose level and achieve their HbA1c goal. New treatment options for T2D will likely include fixed dose combinations with metformin, which may require preclini...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Quaile MP,Melich DH,Jordan HL,Nold JB,Chism JP,Polli JW,Smith GA,Rhodes MC

更新日期：2010-03-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The embryonic stem cell test (EST) predicts developmental toxicity based on the inhibition of cardiomyocyte differentiation of embryonic stem cells (ESC). The subjective endpoint, the long culture duration together with the undefined applicability domain and related predictivity need further improvement to facilitate ...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： van Dartel DA,Pennings JL,van Schooten FJ,Piersma AH

更新日期：2010-03-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Exposure to diesel exhaust particles (DEP) induces inflammatory signaling characterized by MAP kinase-mediated activation of NFkB and AP-1 in vitro and in bronchial biopsies obtained from human subjects exposed to DEP. NFkB and AP-1 activation results in the upregulation of genes involved in promoting inflammation in ...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Tal TL,Simmons SO,Silbajoris R,Dailey L,Cho SH,Ramabhadran R,Linak W,Reed W,Bromberg PA,Samet JM

更新日期：2010-02-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The DDT metabolite 3-methylsulfonyl-DDE (3-MeSO(2)-DDE) has been proposed as a lead compound for an improved adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) treatment. ACC is a rare malignant disorder with poor prognosis, and the current pharmacological therapy o,p'-DDD (mitotane) has limited efficacy and causes severe adverse effects...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Asp V,Ullerås E,Lindström V,Bergström U,Oskarsson A,Brandt I

更新日期：2010-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Homocysteine is increased during pathological conditions, endangering vascular and cognitive functions, and elevated homocysteine during pregnancy may be correlated with an increased incidence of schizophrenia in the offspring. This study showed that millimolar homocysteine concentrations in saline medium cause phosph...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Gu L,Hu X,Xue Z,Yang J,Wan L,Ren Y,Hertz L,Peng L

更新日期：2010-01-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Historical studies report that cellular injury and silicosis are related to cytosolic free calcium (Ca2+). Moreover, reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been linked to cellular injury. However, the detail mechanism of the increase in [Ca2+]i and the relationship between [Ca2+]i and ROS production remains unknown. Quart...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Tian F,Zhu T,Shang Y

更新日期：2010-01-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Doxorubicin (DOX) is a potent anti-neoplastic antibiotic used to treat a variety of malignancies; however, its use is limited by dose-dependent cardiotoxicity. Moreover, there is a strong correlation between cytochrome P450 (CYP)-mediated arachidonic acid metabolites and the pathogenesis of many cardiovascular disease...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Zordoky BN,Anwar-Mohamed A,Aboutabl ME,El-Kadi AO

更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Inflammation induced by chronic exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation has been implicated in various skin diseases. We formulated the hypothesis that a high-fat diet may influence the UV-induced inflammatory responses in the skin. C57BL/6 mice were fed a high-fat diet or control diet and exposed to UVB radiation (120...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Meeran SM,Singh T,Nagy TR,Katiyar SK

更新日期：2009-12-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The Zrt/Irt-related protein 8 (ZIP8) encoded by slc39a8 is now emerging as an important zinc transporter involved in cellular cadmium incorporation. We have previously shown that mRNA and protein levels of ZIP8 were decreased in cadmium-resistant metallothionein-null (A7) cells, leading to a decrease in cadmium accumu...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Fujishiro H,Okugaki S,Yasumitsu S,Enomoto S,Himeno S

更新日期：2009-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The Fhit tumor suppressor protein possesses Ap(3)A (diadenosine triphosphate - ApppA) hydrolytic activity in vitro and its gene is found inactive in many pre-malignant states due to gene inactivation. For several years Fhit has been a widely investigated protein as its cellular function still remains largely unsolved....

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Zawacka-Pankau J,Ferens B

更新日期：2009-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cigarette smoking, arsenic and occupational exposures are well-known risk factors for the development of urothelial carcinoma (UC). Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate whether the effect of cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, arsenic and occupational exposures on risk of UC could be modified by gene...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Wang YH,Yeh SD,Shen KH,Shen CH,Juang GD,Hsu LI,Chiou HY,Chen CJ

更新日期：2009-11-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Kidney is the primary target organ in chronic cadmium (Cd) toxicity, and oxidative stress plays an important role in this process. The nuclear transcription factor Nrf2 binds to antioxidant response elements (AREs) and regulates genes involved in protecting cells from oxidative damage. Whether kidney cells respond to ...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Chen J,Shaikh ZA

更新日期：2009-11-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The cumulative exposure to estrogens is an important determinant in the risk of breast cancer, yet the full range of mechanisms involving estrogens in the genesis and progression of breast cancer remains a subject of debate. Interactions of estrogens and environmental toxicants have received attention as putative fact...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Spink BC,Bennett JA,Pentecost BT,Lostritto N,Englert NA,Benn GK,Goodenough AK,Turesky RJ,Spink DC

更新日期：2009-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A study was undertaken to determine whether alterations in the gene expression or overt histological signs of neurotoxicity in selected regions of the forebrain might occur from acrylamide exposure via drinking water. Gene expression at the mRNA level was evaluated by cDNA array and/or RT-PCR analysis in the striatum,...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Bowyer JF,Latendresse JR,Delongchamp RR,Warbritton AR,Thomas M,Divine B,Doerge DR

更新日期：2009-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Kynurenic acid (KYNA) is a recognized broad-spectrum antagonist of excitatory amino acid receptors with a particularly high affinity for the glycine co-agonist site of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor complex. KYNA is also a putative endogenous neuroprotectant. Recent studies show that KYNA strongly blocks alp...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Zielińska E,Kuc D,Zgrajka W,Turski WA,Dekundy A

更新日期：2009-10-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are persistent organic pollutants that bioaccumulate in the body, however, they can be metabolized to more water-soluble products. Although they are more readily excreted than the parent compounds, some of the metabolites are still hydrophobic and may be more available to target tissue...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Dreiem A,Rykken S,Lehmler HJ,Robertson LW,Fonnum F

更新日期：2009-10-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Bromocriptine (Bc) produces pituitary tumoral mass regression which induces the cellular death that was classically described as apoptosis. However, recent works have related that other mechanisms of cell death could also be involved in the maintenance of physiological and pathological pituitary homeostasis. The aim o...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Palmeri CM,Petiti JP,Sosa Ldel V,Gutiérrez S,De Paul AL,Mukdsi JH,Torres AI

更新日期：2009-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Arsenic compounds are classified as toxicants and human carcinogens. Environmental exposure to arsenic imposes a big health issue worldwide. Arsenic elicits its toxic efforts through many mechanisms, including generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Nrf2 is the primary transcription factor that controls expressio...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Jiang T,Huang Z,Chan JY,Zhang DD

更新日期：2009-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Sibutramine is an inhibitor of norepinephrine and 5-HT reuptake largely used in the management of obesity. Although a fairly safe drug, postmarketing adverse effects of sibutramine were reported including abnormal ejaculation in men. This study investigates the effects of sibutramine on ejaculation and vas deferens an...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Nojimoto FD,Piffer RC,Kiguti LR,Lameu C,de Camargo AC,Pereira OC,Pupo AS

更新日期：2009-09-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Cyclosporin A (CsA) has nephrotoxic effects known to involve reactive oxygen species (ROS), since antioxidants prevent the kidney damage induced by this drug. Given that mitochondria are among the main sources of intracellular ROS, the aims of our study were to examine the mitochondrial effects of CsA in the porcine r...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： de Arriba G,de Hornedo JP,Rubio SR,Fernández MC,Martínez SB,Camarero MM,Cid TP

更新日期：2009-09-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Arsenic is an environmental pollutant that has been associated with an increased risk for the development of cancer and several other diseases through alterations of cellular homeostasis and hepatic function. Cytochrome P450 (P450) modification may be one of the factors contributing to these disorders. Several reports...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Medina-Díaz IM,Estrada-Muñiz E,Reyes-Hernández OD,Ramírez P,Vega L,Elizondo G

更新日期：2009-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Melatonin is a modified tryptophan with potent biological activity, exerted by stimulation of specific plasma membrane (MT1/MT2) receptors, by lower affinity intracellular enzymatic targets (quinone reductase, calmodulin), or through its strong anti-oxidant ability. Scattered studies also report a perplexing pro-oxida...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Radogna F,Paternoster L,De Nicola M,Cerella C,Ammendola S,Bedini A,Tarzia G,Aquilano K,Ciriolo M,Ghibelli L

更新日期：2009-08-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Estrogens play an important role in prostatic development, health, and disease. While estrogen signaling is essential for normal postnatal prostate development, little is known about its prenatal role in control animals. We tested the hypothesis that estrogen signaling is needed for normal male prostatic bud patternin...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Allgeier SH,Vezina CM,Lin TM,Moore RW,Silverstone AE,Mukai M,Gavalchin J,Cooke PS,Peterson RE

更新日期：2009-08-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The discovery of the cadmium (Cd)-binding protein from horse kidney in 1957 marked the birth of research on this low-molecular weight, cysteine-rich protein called metallothionein (MT) in Cd toxicology. MT plays minimal roles in the gastrointestinal absorption of Cd, but MT plays important roles in Cd retention in tis...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Klaassen CD,Liu J,Diwan BA

更新日期：2009-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The ACuteTox Project (part of the EU 6th Framework Programme) was started up in January 2005. The aim of this project is to develop a simple and robust in vitro strategy for prediction of human acute systemic toxicity, which could replace animal tests used for regulatory purposes. Our group is responsible for the char...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Cerrato L,Valeri A,Bueren JA,Albella B

更新日期：2009-07-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Hypochlorous acid (HOCl) is potentially an important source of cellular oxidative stress. Human HOCl exposure can occur from chlorine gas inhalation or from endogenous sources of HOCl, such as respiratory burst by phagocytes. Transcription factor Nrf2 is a key regulator of cellular redox status and serves as a primary...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Woods CG,Fu J,Xue P,Hou Y,Pluta LJ,Yang L,Zhang Q,Thomas RS,Andersen ME,Pi J

更新日期：2009-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Mycotoxin citrinin (CTN) is commonly found in foods and feeds that are contaminated/inoculated with Penicillium, Aspergillus and Monascus species. The exposure of human embryonic kidney (HEK293) and HeLa cells to CTN resulted in a dose-dependent increase in the phosphorylation of two major mitogen-activated protein ki...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Chang CH,Yu FY,Wang LT,Lin YS,Liu BH

更新日期：2009-06-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The vitamin E analogue alpha-tocopheryl succinate (alpha-TOS) is an efficient anti-cancer drug. Improved efficacy was achieved through the synthesis of alpha-tocopheryl maleamide (alpha-TAM), an esterase-resistant analogue of alpha-tocopheryl maleate. In vitro tests demonstrated significantly higher cytotoxicity of al...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Turánek J,Wang XF,Knötigová P,Koudelka S,Dong LF,Vrublová E,Mahdavian E,Procházka L,Sangsura S,Vacek A,Salvatore BA,Neuzil J

更新日期：2009-06-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Free gold nanoparticles easily aggregate when the environment conditions change. Here, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) with average diameter of 3.7 nm were prepared and then modified with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) to improve stability. The gold nanoparticles were first surface-modified with 3-mercaptopropionic acid (MPA)...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Gu YJ,Cheng J,Lin CC,Lam YW,Cheng SH,Wong WT

更新日期：2009-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We evaluated the inhibition of striatal cholinesterase activity following intracerebral administration of paraoxon assaying activity either in tissue homogenates ex vivo or by substrate hydrolysis in situ. Artificial cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF) or paraoxon in aCSF was infused unilaterally (0.5 microl/min for 2 h) and i...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Ray A,Liu J,Karanth S,Gao Y,Brimijoin S,Pope C

更新日期：2009-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Recent data suggest that vanadium (V5+) compounds exert protective effects against chemical-induced carcinogenesis, mainly through modifying various xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes. In fact, we have shown that V5+ down-regulates the expression of Cyp1a1 at the transcriptional level through an ATP-dependent mechanism. ...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Anwar-Mohamed A,El-Kadi AO

更新日期：2009-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In nonsmokers, ozone (O(3)) is removed primarily by the epithelial lining fluid (ELF) of the conducting airways. We hypothesized that cigarette smokers, whose ELF antioxidant capacity may be limited by smoking, would remove less O(3) from their conducting airways than nonsmokers. We recruited 29 nonsmokers (17M, 12F) ...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Bates ML,Brenza TM,Ben-Jebria A,Bascom R,Ultman JS

更新日期：2009-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Several studies have shown that ultrafine particles (UFPs) may pass from the lungs to the circulation because of their very small diameter, and induce lung oxidative stress with a resultant increase in lung epithelial permeability. The direct effects of UFPs on vascular endothelium remain unknown. We hypothesized that...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Mo Y,Wan R,Chien S,Tollerud DJ,Zhang Q

更新日期：2009-04-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Theoretical work has shown that the isobole method is not generally valid as a method for testing the absence or presence of interaction (in the biochemical sense) between chemicals. The present study illustrates how interaction can be tested by fitting a toxicodynamic model to the results of a mixture experiment. The...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Bosgra S,van Eijkeren JC,van der Schans MJ,Langenberg JP,Slob W

更新日期：2009-04-01 00:00:00